Big Idea 3

In this episode of Crash Course Kids, Sabrina talks about two of the four spheres that make up our planet; The Geosphere and the Biosphere. What's in these spheres? How do they affect us? How do they fit into the puzzle that is Earth? All is contained within!

This first series is based on 5th grade science. We're super excited and hope you enjoy Crash Course Kids!

///Standards Used in This Video///
5-ESS2-1. Develop a model using an example to describe ways the geosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and/or atmosphere interact. [Clarification Statement: Examples could include the influence of the ocean on ecosystems, landform shape, and climate; the influence of the atmosphere on landforms and ecosystems through weather and climate; and the influence of mountain ranges on winds and clouds in the atmosphere. The geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere are each a system.] [Assessment Boundary: Assessment is limited to the interactions of two systems at a time.]

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Credits...

Executive Producers: John & Hank Green
Producer & Editor: Nicholas Jenkins
Cinematographer & Director: Michael Aranda
Host: Sabrina Cruz
Script Supervisor: Mickie Halpern
Writer: Ben Kessler
Consultant: Shelby Alinsky
Script Editor: Blake de Pastino

Thought Cafe Team:
Stephanie Bailis
Cody Brown
Suzanna Brusikiewicz
Jonathan Corbiere
Nick Counter
Kelsey Heinrichs
Jack Kenedy
Corey MacDonald
Tyler Sammy
Nikkie Stinchcombe
James Tuer
Adam Winnik

The earth is a system of complex interactions.

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Explore how and why Earth changes over time.

The second part of our two part tale of the puzzle that is Earth. In this episode, Sabrina talks about the Hydrosphere and the Atmosphere and what is contained in each one. Let's dive in!!!

This first series is based on 5th grade science. We're super excited and hope you enjoy Crash Course Kids!

///Standards Used in This Video///
5-ESS2-1. Develop a model using an example to describe ways the geosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and/or atmosphere interact. [Clarification Statement: Examples could include the influence of the ocean on ecosystems, landform shape, and climate; the influence of the atmosphere on landforms and ecosystems through weather and climate; and the influence of mountain ranges on winds and clouds in the atmosphere. The geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere are each a system.] [Assessment Boundary: Assessment is limited to the interactions of two systems at a time.]

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Credits...

Executive Producers: John & Hank Green
Producer & Editor: Nicholas Jenkins
Cinematographer & Director: Michael Aranda
Host: Sabrina Cruz
Script Supervisor: Mickie Halpern
Writer: Ben Kessler
Consultant: Shelby Alinsky
Script Editor: Blake de Pastino

Thought Cafe Team:
Stephanie Bailis
Cody Brown
Suzanna Brusikiewicz
Jonathan Corbiere
Nick Counter
Kelsey Heinrichs
Jack Kenedy
Corey MacDonald
Tyler Sammy
Nikkie Stinchcombe
James Tuer
Adam Winnik

You will learn about Layers of Earth in this video. Many many years ago, when the earth was formed, it was very hot. With time and because of rains and thunderstorms, its outer portion cooled down, and different life forms started originating on it. This outer cool layer of the earth, on which we live is called the crust. The crust of the earth is covered with different landforms, air, water etc.

The centre of the earth, which is very hot, is called the core. It consists of metals in the molten form.

The core is divided into 2 parts, the liquid outer core and the solid inner core.

The layer between the crust and the core is called mantle. It is very hot, consisting of rocks in molten form.

Sometimes, at some places, these hot melted rocks called lava come out to the surface of the earth. Such places are called volcanoes.

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What would happened if a meteor hits the Earth at the speed of light?

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Falling through the Earth would be a wild ride (assuming you’d survive)! How long would the trip take?
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Narrated by : Darren Marlar
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--Vote now!! Bringing fun stop motion animation to education! Created by Sophia Cho. Submission for the Project Ed scholarship contest. All original work. The Spheres Song composed by Sophia Cho. Created with the Stop Motion Studio App for iPhone. Took about 1800+ frames. Thank you for your consideration!

From BBC documentary film Earth The Power Of The Planet

Celebrate Earth Day! This fun, animated science video for children teaches fun facts about PLANET EARTH and it's four systems: atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere and biosphere - explained in 3 minutes! This short cartoon science art lesson is packed with information about planet earth and how its four layers interact to create our amazing earth! Use to teach kids in the classroom or at home about each of Earth's four systems. S.T.E.M. For Kids!

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If you're looking for fun, easy, educational videos for kids (like early learning videos for kindergarteners, how to drawing tutorials, science videos for kids, short history lessons, etc.) then we hope that you and your child will enjoy this fun, animated Earth Systems Science lesson review - Learning Video for Kids.

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We love to share FREE Educational Videos for Children, Parents, and Teachers! We think that kids learn more when they are fully engaged in our fun, smart art videos designed to teach kids how to draw and animate their world step by step while learning about science, math and history!

Check out the Creative Cricket website for more art tutorials packed with cool animation, drawing tips and fun facts for kids of all ages:

Realize the many ways in which humans affect the Earth system, including other living things on Earth.

My submission for my Physical Geography class at MRCTC. A definition of Earth's four major subsystems.

Defines the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere

Check out the most mysterious lost worlds on earth! The unsolved mysteries from this top list of mystery places around the world from caves to deep sea ocean are amazing and unbelievable!

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#10 Movile Cave
In 1986, a cave was Discovered near Mangalia, Constanța County, Romania, just off the coast of the Black Sea. The oxygen levels are nearly negligent, but due to chemosynthesis, At least forty-eight species of wildlife has been stored away for possible millions of years. Many of these animals are unique to this specific cave.
The cave is unsafe for humans and most animals. It is completely Void of light and contains toxic gasses that the specialized animals within the cave require to live. Less than 100 people have been allowed in the cave, and to get to the entrance you have to be Lowered 65ft into the ground through a narrow passage.
Microbiologist, Rich Boden was one of the first to enter the cave and one of the few to see the lake below, “The pool of warm, sulphidic water stinks of rotting eggs or burnt rubber when you disturb it as hydrogen sulphide is given off.”
The animals that live in Movile Cave are Generally born without eyes or skin pigment, due to the fact that they live in the darkness and don’t need sight or camouflage.
As for humans, if you go in without a special mask it wouldn’t be long before the lack of oxygen and toxic gasses took their toll. It would Begin with labored breathing and a headache, followed by kidney damage…and the rest, well; no one has ever gotten that far.
#9 Lake Vostok
Out of over 400 lakes in Antarctica only one can be the largest, and the title goes to Lake Vostok. The lake is at the southern Pole of Cold, beneath Russia's Vostok Station. It resides Far beneath the surface of the central East Antarctic Ice Sheet, which is 11,000ft above sea level. This freshwater lake’s surface is about 13,000ft under the surface of the ice, meaning it would be less than 2000ft below sea level.
The lake has Supposedly been untouched for at least 400,000 years, and it wasn’t until 2012 that scientists completed the longest ever ice core that reached 12,400ft and finally pierced through to the surface of the lake. However, as soon as this happened, Water from the lake gushed up the borehole used to extract the water, and mixed with Freon and kerosene that was used to keep the hole from freezing. In 2015, teams tried again and were successful in retrieving a pure sample. Still, Humans have only touched the surface of this lost world and it is believed that new, unseen creatures could dwell in Lake Vostok. The question is…will humans ever reach them?
#8 Son Doong Cave
Son Doong Cave, or known in Vietnam as Hang Sơn Đoòng is a Solutional cave in Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Park, Vietnam. Son Doong Cave is often called the largest cave in the world. It was discovered by a local man named Hồ Khanh in 1991. People from the area knew about the cave, but the steep descent at the entrance as well as the loud sound of the wind and water rushing through the cave, prevented locals from entering. Of course, everyone thought it was spooky! It wasn’t until 2009 that the cave was shared with the world when British Cave Research Association conducted a survey nearby. Unfortunately, their progress was stopped when they ran into a 200 ft calcite wall known as the Great Wall of Vietnam.
In 2013, Some of the largest cave pearls known to man were discovered, some reaching the size of a baseball! Later on, in 2013, the first tourist group explored the cave. The tickets to join this exploration cost a whopping $3,000. Permits are required to access the cave and are given out on a limited basis. Only about 800 are available in 2017 and only through August. During the Fall and Winter months, the water levels are so high that the cave is inaccessible.
#7 Sima Humboldt & Sima Martel
Cerro Sarisariñama is a Tepui or flattop mountain range in Jaua-Sarisariñama National Park. Located in Venezuela. The name of the mountain is derived from the tale of Ye'kuana Indians who live near the mountain. They tell a Tale about an evil spirit living in caves up in the mountain and devouring human flesh with a sound Sari... sari...” (Some sort of windy sound effect?)
On this mountain there are two mysterious sinkholes known as Sima Humboldt & Sima Martel. The larger of the two is Sima Humboldt is over 1000ft deep and over 1000ft wide. The bottom of each hole has its very own individual ecosystem. It was first descended in 1974 and as of today, is exclusive for scientific researchers.

In this video Paul Andersen explains how humans are impacting the Earth through farming, mining, pollution and climate change. According to the NGSS wise management can reduce impacts on the planet. This will become more important as developing countries start consuming more resources. A K-12 teaching progression is also included.

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File:160658main2 OZONE Large 350.png. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed June 8, 2013.
File:ACT Recycling Truck.jpg. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed June 8, 2013.
File:Chilean Purse Seine.jpg. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed June 8, 2013.
File:CoralBleaching.jpg. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed June 8, 2013.
File:GDP PPP Per Capita IMF 2008.svg. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed June 8, 2013.
File:House.svg, n.d.
File:Kivioli Chemical plant.JPG. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed June 8, 2013.
File:Lake Nasser.jpg. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed June 8, 2013.
File:Mauna Loa Carbon Dioxide Apr2013.svg. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed June 8, 2013.
File:Mvey0290.jpg. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed June 8, 2013.
File:OilConsumptionpercapita.png, n.d.
File:PulpAndPaperMill.jpg. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed June 8, 2013.
File:Recycling Symbol.svg. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed June 8, 2013.
File:Sewer Plant.jpg. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed June 8, 2013.
File:Soil Salinity2.jpg. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed June 8, 2013.
File:Strip Coal Mining.jpg. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed June 8, 2013.
photographer, Rothstein, Arthur, 1915-1985. English: Farmer and Sons Walking in the Face of a Dust Storm. Cimarron County, Oklahoma., April 1936. This image is available from the United States Library of Congress's Prints and Photographs division under the digital ID ppmsc.00241. This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work. A normal copyright tag is still required. See Commons:Licensing for more information. العربية | česky | Deutsch | English | español | فارسی | suomi | français | magyar | italiano | македонски | മലയാളം | Nederlands | polski | português | русский | slovenčina | slovenščina | Türkçe | 中文 | 中文（简体）‎ | +/−.

Earth's 4 Spheres for kids/ 4 Major Spheres

Join me to learn about earth's 4 major Geological Subsystems and how they interact with one another with this awesome video and amazing song. And don't forget to sing along!

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Music: Copyright 2016 Kids Learning Tube
Video: Copyright 2016 Kids Learning Tube

LYRICS:

Earth has four major
Geological Subsystems
I will teach you in this song
I hope you learn and listen

Geosphere, Atmosphere
Hydrosphere and Biosphere
Are four major systems on earth
That balance why we survive here

These systems are all separate
But interact with one another
In so many different ways
in each system you will discover

Lets start with Geosphere
All earths materials and mass
It’s comprised of these parts
That you’re learning in my class

The solid Iron inner core’s
a bit smaller than the moon
The Nickel-Iron Alloy
Outer core is liquid It is true

The Mantle is the layer
between the crust and outer core
mostly made of minerals
and silicate rock lets learn some more

Which brings us to the Crust
In which we all play and live on
Made up of rock and lots of elements
that keep it really strong

Earth has four major
Geological Subsystems
I will teach you in this song
I hope you learn and listen

The Atmosphere’s the next Sphere that
we will look at
It contains earths air And protects us all
now how about that

The atmospheres made up of
five layers now you know
One layer blocks radiation from the sun
it is called the Ozone

Lets move onto the Hydrosphere
Its a major one as well
It includes all forms of earths water
Now isn’t that swell

Oceans, lakes, rivers,
and our water vapor too
Are what make up Hydrosphere
you just learned something new

The Biosphere’s the final
of the four major groups
Including anything thats living
That also includes you

Microbes, animals, plants
birds and insects alike
Are all part of the Biosphere
thats true and alright

Earth has four major
Geological Subsystems
I will teach you in this song
I hope you learn and listen

Here’s one of many examples
of how these Spheres interact
There are so many different ways
they help us live and thats a fact

When Volcanos erupt
from the (Geosphere)
It releases particles and ash
in to the (Atmosphere)

These particles act as the Nuclei
that help form Water drops
Thats the (Hydrosphere) at work
and it never stops

When the rain falls to the earth
This is the (Hydrosphere)
Which stimulates plants to grow
which is the (Biosphere)

The plants create oxygen
thats released to the (Atmosphere)
plants also feed animals and humans
And thats (Biosphere)

Theres so many more examples
You can find on your own
You can research them on your computer
while sitting at home


Earth has four major
Geological Subsystems
I will teach you in this song
I hope you learn and listen

Earth has four major
Geological Subsystems
I will teach you in this song
I hope you learn and listen

We've already talked about how the Earth is divided into four spheres (The Hydrosphere, the Biosphere, the Geosphere, and the Atmosphere). But, how do these different sphere interact with each other? In this episode of Crash Course Kids, Sabrina chats with us about how two of the spheres do, in fact, work together.

This first series is based on 5th grade science. We're super excited and hope you enjoy Crash Course Kids!

///Standards Used in This Video///
5-ESS2-1. Develop a model using an example to describe ways the geosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and/or atmosphere interact. [Clarification Statement: Examples could include the influence of the ocean on ecosystems, landform shape, and climate; the influence of the atmosphere on landforms and ecosystems through weather and climate; and the influence of mountain ranges on winds and clouds in the atmosphere. The geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere are each a system.] [Assessment Boundary: Assessment is limited to the interactions of two systems at a time.]

Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Crash Course Main Channel:
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Credits...

Executive Producers: John & Hank Green
Producer & Editor: Nicholas Jenkins
Cinematographer & Director: Michael Aranda
Host: Sabrina Cruz
Script Supervisor: Mickie Halpern
Writer: Kay Boatner
Consultant: Shelby Alinsky
Script Editor: Blake de Pastino

Thought Cafe Team:
Stephanie Bailis
Cody Brown
Suzanna Brusikiewicz
Jonathan Corbiere
Nick Counter
Kelsey Heinrichs
Jack Kenedy
Corey MacDonald
Tyler Sammy
Nikkie Stinchcombe
James Tuer
Adam Winnik

...and they conducted them anyways.
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We're better off with the knowledge gained from experiments like the Large Hadron Collider and the Trinity and Starfish Prime atomic tests, but what if they had gone wrong?

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How the Earth works
Earth System 0. Earth from Space (Intro)
Earth System 1. Hurricanes
Earth System 2. Vapour in the Atmosphere
Earth System 3. Antarctica: the Polar Jet & the Antarctic Brine
Earth System 4. The Molten Rock
Earth System 5. Phytoplankton: the Sahara & the Amazon
Earth System 6. Wild Fires
Earth System 7. The power of the Sun
Earth System 8. The Human Race

Satellites enable us to provide consistent, long-term observations, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Monitoring the Earth from space helps us understand how the Earth works and affects much of our daily lives. Monitoring conditions in space and solar flares from the sun help us understand how conditions in space affect the Earth.


Video put together for the MSc in Environmental Technology at Imperial College London

The Earth is approximately 4,000 miles from the center to its surface, but what makes up those miles of earth? Let's take a journey inside.

License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
More information at

In this video Paul Andersen describes the four major spheres on planet Earth. The geosphere makes up the mass of the planet and includes the major landforms. The hydrosphere is all of the water and the atmosphere is all of the gases. The biosphere exists where the others spheres interface. A K-12 teaching progression is also included.

Intro Music Atribution
Title: I4dsong_loop_main.wav
Artist: CosmicD
Link to sound:
Creative Commons Atribution License

All of the images are licensed under creative commons and public domain licensing:
File:Broccoli-tree.svg, n.d.
File:Clouds over the Atlantic Ocean.jpg. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed June 3, 2013.
File:Convection-snapshot.gif. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed June 3, 2013.
File:Diorite.jpg, n.d.
File:Earth Poster.svg. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed June 3, 2013.
File:Endeavour Silhouette STS-130.jpg. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, May 9, 2013.
File:Iceberg with Hole Near Sanderson Hope 2007-07-28 2.jpg. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, April 13, 2013.
File:Loboc River.png. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed June 3, 2013.
File:Meteoritenfund Auf Wüstenpflaster.jpg. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed June 3, 2013.
File:Pangaea Continents.svg. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed June 3, 2013.
File:Pinatubo Ash Plume 910612.jpg. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed June 3, 2013.
File:Rockcycle.jpg. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed June 3, 2013.
File:Seawifs Global Biosphere.jpg. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, June 3, 2013.
File:Shipot.jpg. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed June 3, 2013.
File:Siltstone1.jpg, n.d.
File:The Earth Seen from Apollo 17.jpg. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, June 3, 2013.
File:Top of Atmosphere.jpg. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, June 2, 2013.
File:Vostok Petit Data.svg. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed June 3, 2013.
Offiikart. English: Recycle Logo, June 8, 2011. Own work.

Watch these 10 short videos explaining what we all should know about the science of the Earth — how the planet's land, water, air, and life systems interact. The American Geological Institute has developed these videos to bring to life the core concepts identified by the U.S. National Science Foundation-funded Earth Science Literacy Initiative (earthscienceliteracy.org). For educational activities exploring each of the nine Big Ideas of Earth Science illustrated in the videos, visit Earth Science Week (earthsciweek.org).

In Why Earth Science?, stunning video sequences and images illuminate the importance of knowing how Earth works and illustrate opportunities for careers in the Earth sciences.

From terrifying home-swallowing sinkholes to picturesque natural caverns, we count fifteen awe-inspiring planetary cavities
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Legal notes
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Image credits & information sources for this video:
Planet Dolan PTY LTD and Danger Dolan™ have made reasonable inquiries within the timeframe available to identify the source of any images used and attribute the source accordingly.

Background audio copyright Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0

See geoscientists in action out in the field, in the laboratory and using hi-tech tools to study our planet.

From lakes that actually explode to a twin planet that crashed into Earth once upon a time, we count 15 facts about the little blue planet we like to call home
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Legal notes
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Info sources:
Background audio copyright Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0

Dr. Sandy MacDonald, the inventor of NOAA's Science On a Sphere, gives a Science On a Sphere Earth system overview in Planet Theater at the Earth System Research Laboratory in Boulder, CO. For more information on Science On a Sphere, visit

Understand how water formed on Earth and why water is so important to Earth processes.

Earth's landmasses were not always what they are today. Continents formed as Earth's crustal plates shifted and collided over long periods of time. This video shows how today's continents are thought to have evolved over the last 600 million years, and where they'll end up in the next 100 million years.

Paleogeographic Views of Earth's History provided by Ron Blakey, Professor of Geology, Northern Arizona University.

Table of Contents:

00:18 - Objectives
00:30 - The Five Spheres of Earth
00:55 - 1. Atmosphere
01:33 - 2. Hydrosphere
01:54 -
02:19 -
02:29 - Anthrosphere
02:49 -
03:15 - Earth's Layers
03:24 - The Crust
05:29 - The Mantle
06:40 - The Core
08:03 - How Big?
08:43 - Objectives

002 - Environmental Systems

Water:
pH:
Biological Molecules:

In this video Paul Andersen explains how matter and energy are conserved within the Earth's system. Matter is a closed system and Energy is open to the surroundings. In natural systems steady state is maintained through feedback loops but can be be affected by human society.

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Music Attribution

Intro
Title: I4dsong_loop_main.wav
Artist: CosmicD
Link to sound:
Creative Commons Atribution License

Outro
Title: String Theory
Artist: Herman Jolly


All of the images are licensed under creative commons and public domain licensing:

2006, Photo by Johntex. English: Man Sitting under Beach Umbrella., February 18, 2006. Johntex.
“Circular Graphic of Business Cycle or Circuit - Free Business Icons.” Flaticon. Accessed August 23, 2015. flaticon.com/free-icon/circular-graphic-of-business-cycle-or-circuit_45323.
College, OpenStax. English: Illustration from Anatomy & Physiology, Connexions Web Site. Jun 19, 2013., May 16, 2013. Anatomy & Physiology, Connexions Web site. Jun 19, 2013.
DePiep. English: Category Colors according to - Diatomic Nonmetals. See En:wp., August 14, 2013. Own work.
DynaBlast. Covalently Bonded Hydrogen and Carbon in a W:molecule of Methane., January 28, 2006. Created with Inkscape.
Eastland, Jessie. English: Sunset, Joshua Tree California, USA., July 20, 2012. Own work.
Ebaychatter0. English: Sport Car, October 3, 2012. Own work.
France, Chad Teer from Coquitlam. Offshore Platform Located in the Gulf of Mexico, Port Location Cd. Del Carmen., October 22, 2004. Flickr.com - image description page.
“Gasoline.” Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, August 19, 2015.
English: A Colored Emoji from Emojione Project, [object HTMLTableCellElement].
“James Prescott Joule.” Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, July 29, 2015.
Kulenov, Zhanat. English: The Aral Sea Is Drying Up. Bay of Zhalanash, Ship Cemetery, Aralsk, Kazakhstan, April 11, 2006. UNESCO.
“Lake.” Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, August 21, 2015.
MODIS, NASA images by Reto Stöckli, based on data from NASA and NOAA Instrument: Terra-. Polski: Mozaika Zdjęć Półkuli Zachodniej, Zrzutowana Na Sferę I Poddana Obróbce., October 2, 2007. Earth Observatory: Twin Blue Marbles.
“Molecular Configuration - Free Education Icons.” Flaticon. Accessed August 22, 2015. flaticon.com/free-icon/molecular-configuration_68084.
Producercunningham, NASA Collage by. English: A Comparison of the Aral Sea in 1989 (left) and 2014 (right)., September 30, 2014. 1989: aral sea 1989 250m File:Aralsea tmo 2014231 lrg.jpg.
“Recycle Reuse - Free Arrows Icons.” Flaticon. Accessed August 22, 2015. flaticon.com/free-icon/recycle-reuse_25274.
Roscoe, Henry. Picture of James Joule, 1906. The Life & Experiences of Sir Henry Enfield Roscoe (Macmillan: London and New York), p. 120.
Wikipedia, The original uploader was Adz at English. Daintree Rainforest. Photo Taken June 2005. Uploaded with Permission., August 13, 2005. Transferred from en.wikipedia to Commons.

Notes for Mr. Dove's APES Class. This is an introduction to the Earth's major systems and how they work.

Watch Earth form, and learn about Earth's history and the events of deep time.

Happy Earth Day! The ability to see Earth from space has forever changed our view of the planet. We are now able to look at the Earth as a whole, and observe how its atmosphere, oceans, land masses, and life interact as global systems. Earth's atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere, and biosphere are dynamic, changing on timescales of days, minutes, or even seconds. Monitoring the Earth in near real time allows us to get an up to date picture of conditions on our planet.

Credit: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory/Caltech, United States Geological Survey, Goddard Institute for Space Studies, Global Processing Center for International Satellite, Cloud Climatology Project, World Climate Research Program, NASA/Stennis Space Center, Naval Oceanographic Office and Northrop Grumman/DSSD, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Smithsonian Institution Global Volcanism Program, United States Geological Survey, National Earthquake Information Service, National Earthquake Information Center, US Air Force Defense Meteorological Satellite Program, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Geophysical Data Center, University of Wisconsin, Space Science and Engineering Center, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, The SeaWiFS Project and GeoEye, Scientific Visualization Studio.

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The uneven heating also controls weather systems. The heat absorbed by the oceans and carried by its currents is constantly being released into the atmosphere. This heat and moisture drive atmospheric circulation and set weather patterns in motion. The weather patterns then influence vegetation, as well as erosion and sediment transport.
Ever since the first photos were sent back from space, our view of Earth has changed. Remote sensing instruments, such as satellites, allow us to better understand the interrelationships between the different subsystems. For instance, recordings made by remote and Earth-based instruments show that significant surface warming has occurred over the past three decades. Knowing this, scientists are working to determine how this will affect — and already is affecting — the entire Earth system. astronomy

Craig goes to Biosphere 2--the largest closed system ever created--and learns about the science of recreating the Earth's ecosystems. How do we build a space colony? Can we re-create nature? Was Biosphere 2 a failure?

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John Adams and the University of Arizona


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Humans vs. Nature Playlist:
Inside The World's Largest Earth Science Experiment -
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Image/Video Credits:
Biosphere footage courtesy of the University of Arizona

Biospherian photography by Peter Menzel,

Video transcript available here:
Dr Steve Rintoul, Dr John Church and Dr Pep Canadell of CSIRO discuss our climate science research to understand how and why the Earth system is warming.

Universe Documentary: Top 5 Universe and Earth Strange Ancient facts, findings with some help from a discovery channel and it's mysteries - unsolved: A space documentary for mankind, a universe documentary, earth documentary, and science documentary of discovery into the unknown: If an advanced race of beings came to visit Earth today they'd find nothing more than a bunch of psychotic hairless apes murdering each other over which bit of dirt was theirs.

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From a distance, the Earth would look much as it does today, with random splotches of green bursting out from a carpet of ocean blue...To paint a full picture of what the Earth might look like in a hundred million years we have to consider who or what is likely to be living there at the time.As we mentioned in the previous entry, we're almost certain that the previous mass extinction of life on Earth was at least partially caused by the impact of an asteroid or comet in Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula 66 million years ago. I hope those intergalactic explorers have brought their hazmat suits because in 100 million years the Earth might be ever so slightly radioactive, thanks to a local star going supernova or maybe a quasar.Hooray, it's time for a climate change entry. So what's the answer?

Plate Tectonics Video For School

The Earth is formed by accretion of spatial particulates and large masses and eventually forms an outer crust. Video follows with speculation of early plates and land masses and their movement through time. **Clip is from National Geographic**

What if, in a split second, the Earth doubled in size?

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coveres the spheres of the earth atmosphere, biosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere

Cosmic distances are a lot bigger than they may seem, and light has to cross that path in order for us to see stars and everything. Here i explain what would our planet look like from Andromeda and how big would the mirror of the telescope need to be.

Sizes of the telescopes calculated trough the help of this article:

Footage gathered trough a space simulation: Space Engine.

Music: Atlantis - Audionautix
Kevin MacLeod - Lost Frontier
Kevin MacLeod - Ritual

Top 10 Mysterious Events on Earth in history including the unsolved, weirdest, and strangest.

It Begins by Raining Inside) This might be one of the most insane mysteries I’ve heard. While on prison furlough to attend a funeral, Donnie Decker was visiting with friends in Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania and suddenly went into a trance. Rain began falling from the ceiling of the room. His friend, not knowing what to make of it, called the landlord over to investigate, but the landlord was equally puzzled, especially when rain started falling up from the floor and even sideways! Infected With the Otherworldly…?) That's what may have happened to some doctors who treated Gloria Ramirez whom checked into the emergency room of the Riverside General Hospital in Riverside, California. Upon attempting to stabilize her and treat her symptoms, medical personnel noticed an oily substance accompanied by a garlic-like smell coming from Gloria's body, and an ammonia-like smell coming from a sample of her blood. A medical resident passed out after viewing a beige-colored substance in the blood sample. HULK SMASH….in Russia?) It's 1959 in the Ural Mountains of the Soviet Union and ten hikers embark on a cross-country trip. One returns early because of illness, and nine are later found dead by rescuers. But, there is something odd: even though there are no signs of struggle, what is alarming is the injuries: fractured bones and even a missing tongue, but no external damage. It's Raining Blobs) In the summer of 1994, Oakville, Washington residents were surprised to see something eerily like it falling from their skies. People noticed that the rain that day was. ….um….different …..in that it came down as clear, gelatinous blobs. Days later, nearly everyone in town was suffering from severe flu-like symptoms, in some cases even lasting for months. Do You Hear the Hum?) If you hear a constant humming noise that you can't explain, you're not alone, it might be The Hum.
People in Taos, New Mexico have contended with a low frequency humming noise they can't explain, other than to say it sounds like a diesel engine. Variations of the hum have been heard all over the world and have even been mapped. Teleporting in 1593) When someone says the word teleportation, we often think of Star Trek beaming Captain Kirk to the Enterprise. Rarely do we consider that teleportation happened in the past. In the FAR past. In 1593, Gil Perez was a soldier in Manila guarding the governor's mansion just after said governor had been assassinated. Maybe it was all the excitement around the event. Maybe it was the heat. Massive UFO Follows Plane) The pilots together had more than 30 years of experience and observation. But they are unprepared for what they see next. A pair of lights appear on the horizon and they report it to Anchorage air traffic control. They approached and then closely followed the Japanese plane, and one of the objects was 2 to 3 times the size of Flight 1628. And Suddenly, A Lake!) Suddenly, in the middle of the hot and dry summer of 2014, some local shepherds came upon a lake about 2.5 acres wide and between 30-40 feet deep. Neutron Stars, Black Holes and...Japanese Trees?) What do neutron stars, black holes, and Japanese cedar trees have to do with each other? Fusa Miyake, a cosmic-ray physicist from Nagoya University in Japan, was studying tree ring data to look for evidence of big, cosmic events using carbon dating techniques. He found one. Approximately 775 AD was a big year for tree growth, largely due to a spike in carbon-14 detected in the rings of Japanese cedar trees. Mile-wide UFOs) This is number one for a simple reason. It really, really scares me. In February 2007, a pilot, his passengers, and two radar ground stations spotted and tracked a mile-wide UFO for 55 minutes. The pilot, Ray Bower, who had over 20 years flying experience, observed the yellow, cigar-shaped craft as he was flying over the Channel Islands toward Germany. Bower said he saw brilliant white light coming from it which turned a more yellow hue as he approached it. It had the appearance of a CD disc looked at edge-on. At first he thought it was only about 10 miles away and about the size of a 737, but later he realized it was 40 miles away and about a mile wide.

See evidence of how life began on Earth and has changed over time.

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A brief overview to the area of Earth Systems Science where we will be looking at the different spheres that make up Earth as a complex adaptive system.
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Transcription:
Earth systems science is the interdisciplinary study of earth as a complex system, composed of multiple physical and biological process that interact within cycles or spheres to give rise to the overall state of the earth as an entire systems.

Of cause people have been studying earth for a long time, geologies study the formation of rocks, metrologies are interested in the atmosphere and so on,
With all of these different domains supported by the deep understanding of our physical environment that physics has built up over the past few centuries.

But it is only more recently that satellites have started to allow us to see earth as an entirety and human activity has begun to have a significant enough effect to alter earth systems making it increasingly important for us to be able to model and manage them.

From space we can view the net results of earths complex interactions and with high-tech sensors on land and in the ocean, we are getting an clear idea of its overall make up, from this researchers in different domains are discovering how their pieces of the puzzle are related to each other.

Earth systems science then tries to develop models that gives an integrated picture of how all these parts fit together, the first of these models is of earth as a systems in space with inputs and outputs of energy or radiation from the sun, with this energy being the primary factor in driving the dynamics process within the system.


As opposed to focusing on the static properties of earths individual components
Earth systems science instead takes a more dynamic view of the world, studying the ways energy and materials cycle through the different subsystems or what are called -spheres

Earths different sphere are largely defined by the different phases of mater they are composed of thus the atmosphere is composed of gasses, the hydrosphere of liquid water and the lithosphere solid minerals added to this is the biosphere
The sum of all biological material and processes.

Within each sphere a process called a cycles take place, for example in the lithosphere we have the rock cycle driven by the thermal energy within earth's interior that releases minerals through ocean ridges and volcanoes that are weathered as they cycle through earths crust and are eventual subducted returning to their origin



The hydro cycle driven by the thermal energy of the sun, cycles water between the earths surface and atmosphere through the process of evaporation, condensation and precipitation, this process helps to distribute moisture to support ecosystems at a variety of locations

The atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding the planet that is held in place by gravity, it is the primary vehicle of temperature and climate regulation through the Cycle of carbon in and out of the atmosphere where it functions, through the green house effect to trap the suns heart.

The biosphere is the relatively thin layer of Earth's surface that supports all biological activity on earth. The biosphere is a system also characterized by the continuous cycling of matter and energy in the form of the flow of solar energy and nutrient mineral cycles.

Solar energy flows through the biosphere along a unidirectional path, as the suns energy is inputted through plant photosynthesis and process up through what are called trophic levels form primary producers to herbivores and on to predators and apex predators.

Along side the flow of energy through food webs it the cycling of mineral nutrients the core substances required for the construction of biological materials and processes, carbon, water, oxygen, nitrogen have been continuously cycled through the biosphere from one generation to the next for billions of years

These different spheres interact to create a unique state or ecosystem, an ecosystems is the combination of a community of biological organism and a particular physical environment with which they interact...

Learn about the many resources from Earth that humans depend upon to survive and thrive.

From deadly tsunami-prone locations to areas with an overabundance of crime, we count 15 places on Earth you are most likely to get killed in
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NASA Connect segment explaining Earth System Science. The video also explores how modern technology studies the many different areas of Earth System Science.