PSYCHOTHERAPY

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Do you know how Prozac works? Or lithium? Did you know that electro shock therapy is still a thing? There's a lot to know about biomedical treatments and how they work in tandem with psychotherapy or talk therapy. In this episode of Crash Course Psychology, Hank talks about how Biomedical Treatments have evolved and how they work with other therapies.

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Table of Contents:

Client & Clinician Perceptions 01:19
Efficacy & Effectiveness of Psychological Treatments 03:10
Biomedical Therapies & Drug Therapies 04:46
Electroconvulsive Therapy 07:37
Lifestyle Changes 09:25

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This video features a counseling role-play in which psychodynamic therapy is used to help a client (played by an actress) identify the cause of feelings of anger and frustration. The defense mechanisms of sublimation, reaction formation, and displacement are featured and a free association technique is used.

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What exactly are Personality Disorders? How can they be diagnosed? Can we prevent some of them? In this episode of Crash Course Psychology, Hank gives us the down low on things like Ego-Dystonic and Ego-Syntonic Disorders, Borderline and Antisocial Personality Disorders, and Potential Biological, Psychological, and Social Roots of these disorders.

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Table of Contents:

Personality Disorders 02:04
Ego-Dystonic vs. Ego Syntonic Disorders 00:44
Three Clusters of Personality Disorders 02:23
Overlapping Personality Disorders 03:35
Borderline and Antisocial Personality Disorders 04:31
Bio-Psycho-Social Roots 06:54

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Why do people do bad things? Is it because of the situation or who they are at their core? In this week's episode of Crash Course Psychology, Hank works to shed a little light on the ideas of Situation vs. Personality. Oh, and we'll have a look at the Stanford Prison Experiment... It's alarming.

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Table of Contents:

Social Psychology 01:29
Fundamental Attribution Error 02:04
Dual-Process Theory of Persuasion 03:18
Foot-In-The-Door Phenomenon 04:35
Stanford Prison Experiment 05:12
Cognitive Dissonance 8:08

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Why do people sometimes do bad things just because someone else told them to? And what does the term Groupthink mean? In today's episode of Crash Course Psychology, Hank talks about the ideas of Social Influence and how it can affect our decisions to act or to not act.

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Table of Contents:

Milgram Experiment 0:31
Automatic Mimicry 3:29
Solomon Asch 4:08
Normative Social Influence 5:31
Social Facilitation 5:59
Social Loafing 6:19
Deindividuation, Group Polarization, & Groupthink 6:50

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In this episode of Crash Course Psychology, Hank tackles some difficult topics dealing with prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination.
There's a lot here, so let's get started.

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Table of Contents:

Prejudice, Stereotyping, & Discrimination 00:00
Prejudice Can Often Be Non-Conscious 02:03
Implicit Association Test or AIT 04:23
Ingroup-Outgroup Phenomenon 07:08
In-Group Bias 07:48

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In our final episode of Crash Course Psychology, Hank discusses the ideas of Aggression and Altruism. These two things are difficult to understand and explain so sit tight and get ready to run the gauntlet of human emotions.

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Table of Contents:

Robber's Cave Experiment 0:00
Realistic Conflict Theory 0:57
Physical & Environmental Triggers 3:23
Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis 4:24
Altruism 5:25
Bystander Effect 5:56
Social Exchange Theory 7:19

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HOMUNCULUS! It's a big and weird word that you may or may not have heard before, but do you know what it means? In this episode of Crash Course Psychology, Hank gives us a deeper understanding of this weird model of human sensation.
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Why do we sleep? Well... that's a tricky question. More easily answered is the question,How do we sleep? In this episode of Crash Course Psychology, Hank discusses some of the ways our brain functions when sleeping and how it can malfunction as well.

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Table of Contents

Four Stages of Sleep 02:38
Why We Dream 04:28
Information Processing 08:13
Physiological Function 08:31
Cognitive Development 08:52
Neural Activity Models 09:04

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In this REALLY IMPORTANT EPISODE of Crash Course Psychology, Hank talks about how we remember and forget things, why our memories are fallible, and the dangers that can pose.

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Table of Contents
How Memories are Stored 01:12:05
Retrieval Cues & Priming 02:19:10
Context & Mood Influences 03:00:09
How Information is Forgotten 04:34:20
Interference & Misinformation 06:21:06
Issues with Eyewitness Accounts 07:02:23

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After weeks of exploring the existence of nature of god, today Hank explores one of the biggest problems in theism, and possibly the biggest philosophical question humanity faces: why is there evil?

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We used to think that the human brain was a lot like a computer; using logic to figure out complicated problems. It turns out, it's a lot more complex and, well, weird than that. In this episode of Crash Course Psychology, Hank discusses thinking & communication, solving problems, creating problems, and a few ideas about what our brains are doing up there.

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Table of Contents

Thinking & Communicating 01:39:16
Solving Problems 03:21:03
Creating Problems 05:46:06

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Feeling motivated? Even if you are, do you know why? The story of Aaron Ralston can tell us a lot about motivation. In this episode of Crash Course Psychology, Hank tells us Ralston's story, as well as 4 theories of motivation and some evolutionary perspectives on motivation.

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Table of Contents

Four Theories of Motivation:
Evolutionary Perspective 1:38:22
Drive-Reduction 2:45:10
Optimal Arousal 3:38:21
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs 4:49:04
How Sex, Hunger, and the Need to Belong Motivate us 5:29:02

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In this episode of Crash Course Psychology, Hank has a look at that oh so troublesome time in everyone's life: Adolescence! He talks about identity, individuality, and The Breakfast Club.

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Table of Contents

Erikson's 8 Stages of
Progressive Psychosocial Development 02:08:00

Emerging Adulthood 03:41:00

Fluid & Crystalline Intelligence 06:53:00

Dementia & Alzheimer's Disease 08:10:00

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Herman Rorschach (no, not the guy from Watchmen) came up with the eponymous tests, but what do they mean? Why are we so fascinated with them despite the division in the world of Psychology? Hank tackles these topics as we take a closer look at personality in this episode of Crash Course Psychology.

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Table of Contents

Personality Theory 02:16:12
Psychoanalytic Theory 02:52:11
Neo-Freudians 07:44:00
Humanistic Theory 09:31:02

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How would you measure a personality? What, exactly, is the self? Well, as you've come to expect, it's not that easy to nail down an answer for those questions. Whether you're into blood, bile, earth, wind, fire, or those Buzzfeed questionnaires, there are LOTS of ways to get at who we are and why.

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Table of Contents

Trait & Social-Cognitive Personality 01:35:01
Measuring Personality 02:57:03
Who or What is the Self? 09:16:14
How Self Esteem Works 09:42:04

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Content warning: today’s episode contains language that some viewers might find upsetting and that may not be viewable in all settings.

We’ve talking about how language works and how powerful it can be. Sometimes, that power can be harmful. Today, Hank explains the use/mention distinction, the difference between dirty words and hate speech, as well as thick concepts and metaphorical identification.

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So, how many different kinds of intelligence are there? And what is the G-Factor? Eugenics? Have you ever taken an IQ Test? All of these things play into the fascinating and sometimes icky history of Intelligence Testing. In this episode of Crash Course Psychology, Hank talks us through some of the important aspects of that history... as well as Nazis. Hey, I said some of it was icky.

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Table of Contents

Defining Intelligence 00:00:00
Types of Intelligence 01:22:09
G-Factor 01:37:05
Sherlock Holmes 04:44:12
Intelligence Testing 02:26:23
IQ Scores 08:00:21
Eugenics 07:47:05
Intelligence Controversy 09:05:17

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Even if you're Mel Gibson or Kanye, it's probably best to not wear all of your emotions on your sleeve. In this episode of Crash Course Psychology, Hank talks about these things called Emotions. What are they? And why do we need them?

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Table of Contents:

Emotions 00:54:22
Theories on Emotions 02:10:20
Cognition & Emotion 03:35:17
The Autonomic Nervous System 07:39:11
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Today we are talking about death, looking at philosophical approaches from Socrates, Epicurus, and Zhuangzi. We will consider whether it’s logical to fear your own death, or the deaths of your loved ones. Hank also discusses Thomas Nagel, death, and Fear of Missing Out.

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Today we are moving on from the existence of God to look at the philosophical debate surrounding the traditional divine attributes - omnipotence, omniscience, omnitemporality, and omnibenevolence. We are exploring the puzzles that these attributes create as well as some possible solutions to those puzzles, from Aquinas’ ideas of analogical predication, to the work of Eleanor Stump.

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So, it turns out we have an easy time reading emotions in facial expressions, but emotions can straight up kill us! In this episode of Crash Course Psychology, Hank discusses stress, emotions, and their overall impact on our health.

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Table of Contents:

How Emotions Work 00:00
Two-Dimensional Model of Emotional Experience 03:29
How Anger, Happiness, and Depression Affect Health 4:52
Stress, the Nervous System, and Chronic Stress 6:36

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Now that we’ve left behind the philosophy of religion, it’s time to start exploring what other ways might exist to find meaning in the world. Today we explore essentialism and its response: existentialism. We’ll also learn about Jean-Paul Sartre and his ideas about how to find meaning in a meaningless world.

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Sex is complicated for different reasons in different cultures. But, it's the entire purpose of life, so there's no reason to blush. In this episode of Crash Course Psychology, Hank talks about Kinsey, Masters and Johnson, Sexuality, Gender Identity, Hormones, and even looks into the idea of why we have sex. There's a lot to go through here.

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Table of Contents:

Alfred Kinsey & Sex Surveys 0:00
Biological Sex & Gender Identity 2:01
Masters & Johnson 3:07
Sex Hormones 5:31
Physiological & Social Factors of Sex 7:11
Sexual Orientation 8:51
Why We Have Sex 10:17

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Remember that learning isn't just useful, but also really fun!

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In this episode of Crash Course Psychology, Hank takes a look at how the treatment for Psychological Disorders has changed over the last hundred years and who is responsible for getting us on the path to getting us here.

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Table of Contents:

Defining Psychological Disorders 00:10:09
Perspectives on Mental Illness 03:16:10
Diagnosing Disorders with the DSM 07:09:09
DSM is Constantly Evolving 07:42:12

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[Music]
Silent Partner - The Engagement

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[References & Further Reading]



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In which John Green teaches you about Kurt Vonnegut's most famous novel, Slaughterhouse-Five. Vonnegut wrote the book in the Vietnam era, and it closely mirrors his personal experiences in World War II, as long as you throw out the time travel and aliens and porn stars and stuff. Slaughterhouse-Five tells the story of Billy Pilgrim, a World War II veteran who was a prisoner of war, and survived the Battle of the Bulge and the fire-bombing of Dresden, goes home after the war, and has trouble adapting to civilian life (this is the part that's like Vonnegut's own experience). Billy Pilgrim has flashbacks to the war that he interprets as being unstuck in time. He believes he's been abducted by aliens, and pretty much loses it. You'll learn a little about Vonnegut's life, quite a bit about Dresden, and probably more than you'd like about barbershop quartets as a metaphor for post traumatic stress.

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Ever call someone OCD because they like to have a clean apartment? Ever tell someone you have a phobia of spiders when, in fact, they just creep you out a little? In this episode of Crash Course psychology, Hank talks about OCD and Anxiety Disorders in the hope we'll understand what people with actual OCD have to deal with as well as how torturous Anxiety Disorders and Panic Attacks can actually be.

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Table of Contents:

What Defines an Anxiety Disorder 01:55:20
Symptoms of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder 02:35:07
Generalized Anxiety Disorder 04:05:18
Panic Disorder and Phobias 04:47:20
The Learning Perspective 07:38:20
The Biological Perspective 09:13:14
Don't Use OCD as a Punch Line 00:00:00

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Check out Ana Mascara:

In this video, Ana gives us 10 psychological tips and facts about ourselves so we can better understand ourselves! From the Self-Reference Effect to the Freudian Slip, all of these can be observed in others, and used effectively to become better and learn quicker!

A major depressive disorder — usually just called “depression” — is different than the “blues”. Someone experiencing depression is grappling with feelings of severe despair over an extended period of time. Almost every aspect of their life can be affected, including their emotions, physical health, relationships and work. For people with depression, it does not feel like there is a “light at the end of the tunnel” — there is just a long, dark tunnel.

Understanding depression is a good step towards helping friends or family members who are having depression. Depression isn't as simple as feeling sad, its much more.

It’s more than just getting bad grades.

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Not sleeping for days on end. Long periods of euphoria. Racing thoughts. Grandiose ideas. Mania. Depression. All of these are symptoms of Bipolar Disorder. In this episode of Crash Course Psychology, Hank talks about mood disorders and their causes as well as how these disorders can impact people's lives.

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Table of Contents:

What are Mood Disorders? 1:05
Symptoms of Depressive & Bipolar Disorders 2:00
Biological, Genetic, Environmental, & Social-Cognitive
Causes of Mood Disorders 5:47

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What is NPD? Animated Angie Geeks Out in A Brief History of Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Y'all know what a research nerd I am, right? In today's episode of Narcs of Our Lives, Animated Angie totally geeks out with a brief history of the history of narcissistic personality disorder.

Plus, you'll meet two Ancient Animated Friends that will take you back thousands of years to the very first mention of narcissism (yeah, we're talking about Narcissus), and Angie and the rest of the ragtag bunch will take you through the centuries to today's official DSM diagnostic criteria of NPD or narcissistic personality disorder. A fun, animated way to learn something new.

Featuring the theories of Sigmund Freud, among other psychoanalysts and psychiatrists. Might offer some insight into the psychology of NPD, including gaslighting and more.
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Join my new YouTube panel! Join the group on YouTube at to be tapped for short video clips with your opinion or thoughts on a question - please only join this group if you're actually willing to submit video clips. People who don't participate at least once per month will be removed.

In which John Green teaches you about how Islam has interacted with politics during it's history, and how it continues to do so today. Islamist movements are in the news a lot lately, but how did that happen. John will point out that Islam has alway been tied to political movements. Mohammed was not only a religious leader, he led an empire. So how did this lead to modern movements like ISIS? Islam has traditionally been a pretty egalitarian religion, and its scriptures value peace, so it is surprising in a lot of ways that such a violent fundamentalist movement would come out of it. What is a caliphate? What is a Caliph? John will teach you all about it. Take it easy in the comments, y'all. Be kind and respectful to each other.

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So, what do Batman and J.R.R. Tolkien have in common? Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. It used to be called Shellshock and it can be really really really destructive. In this episode of Crash Course Psychology, Hank lays out the low down on PTSD and how trauma can affect the brain. Plus, a look at how addiction can play into trauma and the different types of treatments used to help those afflicted.

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Table of Contents:

PTSD: Causes and Symptoms 01:57:18
How Trauma Can Affect the Brain 05:12:09
Addiction 07:08:18
Trauma and Addiction 07:41:17
Dual Treatment Model 08:24:07
Post-Traumatic Growth 06:31:00
The Wise Frodo Baggins 00:00

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What is PSYCHODYNAMIC PSYCHOTHERAPY? What does PSYCHODYNAMIC PSYCHOTHERAPY mean? PSYCHODYNAMIC PSYCHOTHERAPY meaning - PSYCHODYNAMIC PSYCHOTHERAPY definition - PSYCHODYNAMIC PSYCHOTHERAPY explanation.

Source: Wikipedia.org article, adapted under license.

Psychodynamic psychotherapy is a form of depth psychology, the primary focus of which is to reveal the unconscious content of a client's psyche in an effort to alleviate psychic tension.

In this way, it is similar to psychoanalysis. It also relies on the interpersonal relationship between client and therapist more than other forms of depth psychology. In terms of approach, this form of therapy uses psychoanalysis adapted to a less intensive style of working, usually at a frequency of once or twice per week. Principal theorists drawn upon are Freud, Klein, and theorists of the object relations movement, e.g., Winnicott, Guntrip, and Bion. Some psychodynamic therapists also draw on Jung or Lacan. It is a focus that has been used in individual psychotherapy, group psychotherapy, family therapy, and to understand and work with institutional and organizational contexts. In psychiatry, it is considered a treatment of choice for adjustment disorder, as well as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

The principles of psychodynamics were introduced in the 1874 publication Lectures on Physiology by German scientist Ernst Wilhelm von Brücke. Von Brücke, taking a cue from thermodynamics, suggested all living organisms are energy systems, governed by the principle of energy conservation. During the same year, von Brücke was supervisor to first-year medical student Sigmund Freud at the University of Vienna. Freud later adopted this new construct of “dynamic” physiology to aid in his own conceptualization of the human psyche. Later, both the concept and application of psychodynamics were further developed by the likes of Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, Otto Rank, and Melanie Klein.

Blanchard, M. (2011). Cultural diversity in practice : Working with indigenous people - a meeting of minds and hearts. In A. O’Hara & R. Pockett (Eds.), Skills for human service practice : Working with individuals, groups and communities (2nd ed.) (pp. 85–101). South Melbourne, Vic. : Oxford University Press.

Meta-analyses in 2012 and 2013 come to the conclusion that there is support or evidence for the efficacy of psychoanalytic therapy, thus further research is needed. Other meta-analyses published in the recent years showed psychoanalysis and psychodynamic therapy to be effective, with outcomes comparable or greater than other kinds of psychotherapy or antidepressant drugs, but these arguments have also been subjected to various criticisms.

A system review of Long Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy in 2009 found an overall effect size of .33. Others have found effect sizes of .44-.68. Meta-analyses of Short Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy (STPP) have found effect sizes ranging from 0.34 - 0.71 compared to no treatment and was found to be slightly better than other therapies in follow up. Other reviews have found an effect size of 0.78 - 0.91 for somatic disorders compared to no treatment and 0.69 for treating depression. A 2012 meta-analysis by the Harvard Review of Psychiatry of Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (I-STPP) found effect sizes ranging from 0.84 for interpersonal problems to 1.51 for depression. Overall I-STPP had an effect size of 1.18 compared to no treatment.

In 2011, the American Psychological Association made 103 comparisons between psychodynamic treatment and a non-dynamic competitor and found that 6 were superior, 5 were inferior, 28 had no difference and 63 were adequate. The study found that this could be used as a basis to make psychodynamic psychotherapy an empirically validated treatment.

Discussion of the early weeks in psychodynamic psychotherapy, which often focus on teaching the client about how therapy works. Subjects covered are: what it means to make the unconscious conscious, thinking about the self in terms of different parts or people cohabiting inside of you, and the way that change or growth actually occurs.

Cognitive dissonance is the mental distress that comes with having two conflicting thoughts about the same topic at the same time. We ease that cognitive dissonance by picking the thought that's in alignment with the action we are going to take and then justifing our reasons. It's very normal to have cognitive dissonance when trying to leave an abusive relationship.

Anger, rage, and constant thinking about what happened is also very normal, and part of the healing process.

from the full live stream July 13 2016

Do you have a narcissist, sociopath, or psychopath in your life, or think that you might? Are you in (or recently out of) of a relationship that you can only describe as crazy making, toxic, or like a lifetime TV movie? Then you are in the right place.

The live streams are a time where we meet every Wednesday at 8:30pm EST to ask questions, and give answers and support. I give my two cents, as do many of the other people in the chat. If you can't make it to the live stream, you can email me your question at: [email protected] I get a lot of questions, but I do my best to bring up and answer as many of them as I can each week. :)

To get support: ThriveAfterAbuse.com/forum

* This is an open group, meaning that anyone can see what you are posting, however, you can choose your own screen name and have total privacy that way.

Support Group on Facebook:

*This is a closed group, meaning that your Facebook friends can see that you are in the group, but they CAN'T see what you are posting (although it looks like they can, as you can see the chat on your timeline--but they really can't so don't panic.)

Facebook Page:

Instagram: /ThriveAfterAbuse

Disclaimer: I am not a therapist, doctor, attorney, or expert in Narcissism...or anything at all really. If anything, I am a student of life, love, behavior and behavior change, and a woman who is dedicated to thriving.

Professionally, I worked as an advocate for victims of domestic violence at a domestic violence shelter, and currently I am a psychiatric nurse. Personally, I have been through two relationships with narcissists, and have been able to not only survive those, but have been able to move forward and thrive.

My goal with these videos is to share all of my lessons learned, as well as to start many important conversations about abuse, and recovery with the hopes that together we can provide the clarity, closure, and healing that we all deserve.

Remember: You are not crazy. You are not alone. And yes, you really can heal from this.
Have you ever thought to yourself, boy, I really need a coffee mug or t-shirt with a phoenix on it? Then you are in luck! lol teespring.com/stores/thrive-after-abuse
There are new designs on a regular basis, and if you have any ideas for designs please let me know and I'll do my best to create them! :)

Today we explore what obligations we hold with our personal beliefs. Hank explains epistemic responsibility and the issues it raises with everything from religious belief, to ship owning, to vaccinations.

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Images via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under Creative Commons by 4.0:

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Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios:

Crash Course Philosophy is sponsored by Squarespace.


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This week on Crash Course Big History, Emily is talking about process of human evolution, and the knack for innovation that has allowed humans to become so dominant on the Earth. Human innovation, and the ability to build on those innovations generation after generation is what makes humans different than other animals. Collective learning is enabled by our highly evolved and efficient ability to communicate with each other and pass on information. With great power, of course, comes great responsibility, and how we use this powerful tool has kind of a mixed track record.

For more information, visit the Big History Project

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Mark, Les Aker, Bob Kunz, mark austin, William McGraw, Jeffrey Thompson, Ruth Perez, Jason A Saslow, Shawn Arnold, Eric Prestemon, Malcolm Callis, Steve Marshall, Advait Shinde, Rachel Bright, Khaled El Shalakany, Sam Hickman, Ian Dundore, Asif Ahmed, Tim Curwick, Ken Penttinen, Dominic Dos Santos, Caleb Weeks, Frantic Gonzalez, Kathrin Janßen, Nathan Taylor, Yana Leonor, Andrei Krishkevich, Brian Thomas Gossett, Chris Peters, Kathy & Tim Philip, Mayumi Maeda, Eric Kitchen, SR Foxley, Tom Trval, Andrea Bareis, Moritz Schmidt, Jessica Wode, Daniel Baulig, Jirat
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In which John Green teaches you WHY World War I started. Or tries to anyway. With this kind of thing, it's kind of hard to assign blame to any one of the nations involved. Did the fault lie with Austria-Hungary? Germany? Russia? Julius Caesar? One thing we can say for sure is that you can't blame the United States of America for this one. Woohoo! Well, you can hardly blame the US.

You can directly support Crash Course at Subscribe for as little as $0 to keep up with everything we're doing. Free is nice, but if you can afford to pay a little every month, it really helps us to continue producing this content.

In which John Green teaches you about the Little Ice Age. The Little Ice Age was a period of global cooling that occurred from the 13th to the 19th centuries. This cooling was likely caused by a number of factors, including unusual solar activity and volcanic eruptions. The Little Ice Age greatly impacted human social orders, especially during the 17th century. When the climate changed, and weather became unpredictable, the world changed profoundly. Poor harvests led to hunger, which led to even less productivity, which even resulted in violent upheaval in a lot of places. All this from a little change in the temperature? Definitely.

You can directly support Crash Course at Subscribe for as little as $0 to keep up with everything we're doing. Free is nice, but if you can afford to pay a little every month, it really helps us to continue producing this content.

Read more about The Little Ice Age here:

Last week we introduced the idea of socialization and today we’re talking a little more about how it works, including an introduction to five main types of socialization. We’ll explore anticipatory socialization from your family, the “hidden curriculum” in schools, peer groups, the role of media in socialization, and we’ll discuss total institutions and how they can act as a form of re-socialization.

(This is a re-upload to fix an error in the original upload!)

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References:

Coleman, James S. 1961. The Adolescent Society: The Social Life of the Teenager and Its Impact on Education. NY: The Free Press

Hill, David, et al. Media and young minds. Pediatrics (2016): e20162591.

Vittrup, Brigitte, and George W. Holden. Exploring the impact of educational television and parent–child discussions on children's racial attitudes. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy 11.1 (2011): 82-104.

Kearney, Melissa S., and Phillip B. Levine. Media influences on social outcomes: The impact of MTV's 16 and pregnant on teen childbearing. The American Economic Review 105.12 (2015): 3597-3632.

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Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at

Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:

Mark, Les Aker, Bob Kunz, mark austin, William McGraw, Jeffrey Thompson, Ruth Perez, Jason A Saslow, Shawn Arnold, Eric Prestemon, Malcolm Callis, Steve Marshall, Advait Shinde, Rachel Bright, Khaled El Shalakany, Sam Hickman, Ian Dundore, Asif Ahmed, Tim Curwick, Ken Penttinen, Dominic Dos Santos, Caleb Weeks, Frantic Gonzalez, Kathrin Janßen, Nathan Taylor, Yana Leonor, Andrei Krishkevich, Brian Thomas Gossett, Chris Peters, Kathy & Tim Philip, Mayumi Maeda, Eric Kitchen, SR Foxley, Tom Trval, Andrea Bareis, Moritz Schmidt, Jessica Wode, Daniel Baulig, Jirat
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To: Margarete
From: Toni

Your sister thinks you are the best! Here's hoping Crash Course does an Art History season just for you. :)
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Did you know that Schizophrenia and Multiple Personality Disorder aren't the same thing? Did you know that we don't call it Multiple Personality Disorder anymore? In this episode of Crash Course Psychology, Hank takes us down the road of some very misunderstood psychological disorders.

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Table of Contents:

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders 01:31:05
Brain Activity 05:03:16
Dissociative Disorders 08:04:23
Sybil Was a Lie! 08:58:14

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In which John Green kicks off the Crash Course Literature mini series with a reasonable set of questions. Why do we read? What's the point of reading critically. John will argue that reading is about effectively communicating with other people. Unlike a direct communication though, the writer has to communicate with a stranger, through time and space, with only dry dead words on a page. So how's that going to work? Find out with Crash Course Literature! Also, readers are empowered during the open letter, so that's pretty cool.

The Reading List!

Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare:

The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald:

Catcher in the Rye:

Complete Poems of Emily Dickinson:

Some of these are available from gutenberg.org as free ebooks. You should check that out.

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Get Help: If you think you have an eating disorder, please contact for help!

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In this episode of Crash Course Psychology, Hank walks us through the troubling world of Eating and Body Dysmorphic disorders. There's a lot going on here and, even though we still have a lot of dots to connect, a lot we can learn to help ourselves and each other.

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Table of Contents:

Anorexia, Bulimia, Binge-Eating Disorder 01:55
Types of Body Dysmorphic Disorders 05:58
Psychological & Environmental Roots 08:03

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Clinical psychologist Joseph Burgo discusses several different forms of resistance to treatment in the early stages of psychotherapy.

In which John Green teaches you about water! So, we talk about resources a lot on Crash Course, and today is no exception. It turns out people can't live without water, which means it's absolutely necessary for civilization. Today John talks about water in the context of classical civilizations, but not like Greece or Rome or something. We're talking about the Maya civilization in Central America, and the Khmer civilization in what is now Cambodia. So this is an awesome video, OK?

You can directly support Crash Course at Subscribe for as little as $0 to keep up with everything we're doing. Free is nice, but if you can afford to pay a little every month, it really helps us to continue producing this content.

Citation 1: Steven J. Mithen - Sue Mithen, Thirst: Water and Power in the Ancient World. Harvard University Press. 2012. p 235
Citation 2: Patrice Bonnafoux, cited in Mithen. p243
Citation 3: Mithen. p 296

What makes you… you? How did you get to be that way? Today we’re talking about social development, starting with the role of nature and nurture in influencing a person’s development. We’ll discuss socialization, the importance of care & human interaction, as well as theories of development from a range of theorists.

Crash Course is made with Adobe Creative Cloud. Get a free trial here:

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Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at

Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:

Mark, Les Aker, Bob Kunz, mark austin, William McGraw, Jeffrey Thompson, Ruth Perez, Jason A Saslow, Shawn Arnold, Eric Prestemon, Malcolm Callis, Steve Marshall, Advait Shinde, Rachel Bright, Khaled El Shalakany, Sam Hickman, Ian Dundore, Asif Ahmed, Tim Curwick, Ken Penttinen, Dominic Dos Santos, Caleb Weeks, Frantic Gonzalez, Kathrin Janßen, Nathan Taylor, Yana Leonor, Andrei Krishkevich, Brian Thomas Gossett, Chris Peters, Kathy & Tim Philip, Mayumi Maeda, Eric Kitchen, SR Foxley, Tom Trval, Andrea Bareis, Moritz Schmidt, Jessica Wode, Daniel Baulig, Jirat
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